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Donal II O'Donovan ((アイルランド語:Domhnall Ó Donnabháin)), The O'Donovan of Clann Cathail, Lord of Clancahill (died 1639), was the son of Ellen O'Leary, daughter of O'Leary of Carrignacurra, and Donal of the Skins, The O'Donovan of Clann Cathail. He is most commonly referred to as Donnel O'Donevane of Castledonovan in contemporary references of his time. His elder brother Diarmaid O'Donovan was hanged by Donal Cam O'Sullivan Beare in 1581 following a raid urged by Elizabeth I into O'Sullivan territory.〔O'Sullivan Beare, ''Chapters'', p. 26〕 Donal is credited with taking the leadership of Clan Cathail following the death of his father, and was inaugurated and granted the White Rod by the MacCarthy Reagh, his father-in-law Owen MacCarthy Reagh, 12th Prince of Carbery, in 1584. He was then later recognized by the Lord Chancellor Adam Loftus in 1592, defeating an attempt by his younger brother Teige, who alleged Donal to be a bastard, to depose him. He was the last of his line so inaugurated in the ancient Gaelic manner. Following his adherence to Philip III of Spain during the Nine Years' War, in 1608 Donal surrendered his territory to James I of England, receiving a regrant of the entire estate to himself personally in 1615.〔D'Alton, pp. 709–10〕〔Burke 1899, p. 342〕 A series of inquisitions from 1599 to 1636 show his to have been the greatest land holdings during that period in Carbery after the territories of the MacCarthy princes,〔Butler, "The Barony of Carbery"〕 although how this came about is a matter of some controversy. ==Inauguration and lawsuit== Donal II's inauguration in 1584 by his father-in-law Owen MacCarthy Reagh is testified to in a complicated lawsuit filed essentially against the both of them by O'Donovan's younger brother Teige sometime previous to February 12, 1592. The suit was concurrent with the anticipated surrender of the sept lands by Donnel O’Donovane (with similar surrender of other sept lands being undertaken by other chiefs, namely Conoghor O’Kallaghane, Conoghor O’Mahoney and Teig M’Owen Carty) in exchange of a regrant of the lands into the personal estate property of the respective chief by patent.〔CALENDAR OP THE STATE PAPERS, RELATING TO I R E L A N D, OF THE REIGNS OF ELIZABETH, 1592, October 1596, June. PRESERVED IN THE PUBLIC RECORD OFFICE. EDITED BY HANS CLAUDE HAMILTON, ESQ., P.S.A., LONDON:PRINTED FOR HER MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE, BY EYRE AND SPOTTISWOODE, PRINTERS TO THE QUEEN'S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY, item 68, 1592〕 The surviving court document from that date contains a summary of the case and the decision of the Lord Chancellor Adam Loftus on the matter.〔O'Donovan, ''Hy-Fiachrach'', pp. 444–8〕 In the suit Teige alleges that Donal was born before his father Donal I and mother Ellen O'Leary were married, and thus that he was in fact (according to Teige) illegitimate or a bastard and had no rights to the Lordship of Clancahill, with Teige even questioning whether Donal was a son of his father, Donal of the Hides, at all.〔O'Donovan, ''Hy-Fiachrach'', p. 446〕 According to Teige, Donal owed his entire position to Owen MacCarthy Reagh, a man of great wealth and influence and to whose daughter Joane was joined in marriage, and whom Teige alleges was not himself even the legitimate MacCarthy Reagh (Prince of Carbery) but an "intruder," the rightful ruler supposedly being Donal of the Pipes,〔O'Donovan, ''Hy-Fiachrach'', p. 447〕 Owen's nephew. Loftus decided in Donal II O'Donovan and MacCarthy Reagh's favour, declaring them legitimate and rightful, with Teige getting nothing, however it is possible there were related events back in Carbery because Owen was deposed by his nephew later that year. MacCarthy Reagh was not popular in all circles, and influencing Loftus' decision was the testimony of another son-in-law, O'Donovan's brother-in-law Sir Fineen O'Driscoll, who was widely popular with the English and Crown government. O'Driscoll bore witness that O'Donovan "was born many years after the marriage (his mother and father ) solemnised at Dromale".〔 Scholars of Gaelic Ireland frequently mention or refer to the case. First of all, it substantiates the report made a century later by Sir Richard Cox, 1st Baronet in 1690 that the O'Donovans were considered one of the four families in Carbery of royal extraction,〔Cox, ''Carberiae Notitia''. With the MacCarthys obvious, the O'Mahonys and O'Driscolls were the others. See also Smith, ''Ancient and Present State''〕 because the White Rod or ''slat'', mentioned in the case as received by O'Donovan from MacCarthy Reagh, was for a king or Rí of some grade in origin, in this case a subordinate lord princeps (prince) or petty king, in the Irish understanding, receiving his rod from his superior or overking.〔Dillon, pp. 4, 8; FitzPatrick, ''passim''; Simms, p. 31; Nicholls, pp. 30–1〕 Also one of very last known uses of the ''slat'' in Irish history, as found in the lawsuit "its citation as formal evidence of legitimate holding of lordship and lands" is considered by Elizabeth FitzPatrick to be the strongest evidence of its symbolizing "legitimate authority" even at this late date in Gaelic Ireland.〔FitzPatrick, p. 214〕 Returning to the relationship between the MacCarthy Reagh and O'Donovan, it has been pointed out that the O'Donovan family in Carbery apparently had a privileged position because the head paid to his superior a significantly smaller rent than the other leading families enjoyed, possibly originating from the O'Donovans' close association with Fínghin Mac Carthaigh in the 13th century and their certain support given to him at the Battle of Callann in 1261.〔Butler, "The Barony of Carbery"; Ó Murchadha, p. 125〕 Donal II is the last of Clan Cathal, and the only one recorded as having received, the white rod. Curiously, in spite of Crown policy, which forbid the use of Gaelic titles, Loftus refers to Donel O'Donevane as simply ''O'Donovan'' (meaning the head of his sept and thus Lord of Clancahill, etc.), confirming it in the final paragraph of the document.〔O'Donovan, ''Hy-Fiachrach'', p. 448〕 This recognized O'Donovan as Chief of the Name or Captain of his countrie.〔Ellis, p. 147〕 The designation of Donal as Chief by the English court of Loftus served the Crown's purposes: by formally "recognizing" Donal as "Chief", there could be no subsequent legal doubt he was authorized to surrender clan lands of approximately 60,000 acres to the English crown. Through the surrender and re-grant of clan lands, Donal obtained granted title to the lands vested in himself as an individual. Commenting on Donal and his contemporary descendants 250 years later, Jeremiah O'Donovan Rossa, noted that Donal and his heirs "held landlord possession of lands that belonged equally to their clansmen; England protected them in that landlord possession of the robbery from their own people." 〔Rossa's Recollections, O'Donovan Rossa 1898, republished 2004, Lyons Press, p.348〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Donal II O'Donovan」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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